Part of Bishop Museum's Living Culture series, feather artist and hulu practitioner Kawika Lum-Nelmida taught students the art of creating Lei Humupapa in a three-part workshop. A more contemporary style of Hawaiian feather work, Humupapa involves a “flat stitch” technique of hand-sewing feathers to a flat base surface; hat bands are a primary example of this style.

The first three images include light leaks where the film was accidentally exposed to the light while in camera. This beautiful mistake created my favorite shots from this chapter.